In dedicating his academic career to preserving and celebrating Sicilian language, literature and history, Dr. Gaetano Cipolla has engendered countless pages devoted to the beloved island of his birth.

While Rome’s emblem boasts an ancient symbol of a wolf suckling its twin founders, Sicily’s emblem packs equal primordial power. Known as the Trinacria, it depicts the winged head of Medusa, girdled by shafts of wheat and three bent legs, on a bold background of gold and maroon.

She’s the gatekeeper of an island as mysterious as her own visage. Just as many Italian Americans can’t understand the language of their forebears, the Sicilian tongue baffles most native Italians. “Where are you from?” translates to “Di dove sei?” in Italian, but it’s “Di unni si?” in Sicilian.

Sicily’s mysteries are passionate, poetic and profound beyond measure, and no other academic in America understands that better than Dr. Gaetano Cipolla. Born and raised on the island until he emigrated to America as a teen, this professor emeritus at St. John’s University has devoted his life to the study and celebration of Sicilian language, history, culture and literature. He became president of the international organization Arba Sicula in 1987, taking over as editor of the organization’s eponymous journal the same year and launching its newsletter, Sicilia Parra, two years later. Over the last four decades, he has accrued a record of scholarship so prolific he earned the title “The American Voice of Sicilian Poetry.”

Lou&A asked Cipolla to look back on his upbringing and storied career as a champion of all things Sicily. As he shares what life was like on the island, listen for the voice of a true poet.

Lou&A: Tell us about your Sicilian roots. What was it like growing up there?

Dr. Gaetano Cipolla: I was born in Francavilla di Sicilia in 1937. My father was a shoemaker specializing in women’s shoes. My maternal grandfather emigrated to New York alone at first and eventually took my grandmother and her two younger daughters to the U.S., leaving my mother, who had gotten married, in Francavilla. After World War II, my grandparents retired in Francavilla, but Italy was struggling to recover from the ravages of war. My family had the opportunity to come to the U.S. in 1955. I’d just received the diploma as an elementary school teacher when we left.

With my 18 years in Sicily, I carry each moment written in my memory with indelible ink. We had the absolute freedom to roam everywhere — to search, to experiment, to test, to dare — in complete assurance that we were invincible, that nothing could harm us. The days of our youth were filled with discoveries of our strengths, our fears, our courage and our growing bodies. We played soccer with green oranges for lack of a ball until utter exhaustion; we rode bikes pretending we were Bartali and Coppi; we had heroes with names such as Hector, Achilles and Ulysses. We formed friendships for life: Our allegiances were absolute.

Lou&A: How would you introduce our readers to Sicily’s very distinct culture?

Cipolla: It’s difficult to characterize Sicilians. Whenever you think you’ve found a key, something pops up and the key does not work. I wrote a booklet to explore the essence of Sicelitude titled “What Makes a Sicilian?” We have sold more than 25,000 copies, which tells me people identify with its content.

Out of the many people who dominated Sicily, two or three left a mark: the Greeks, the Arabs and, to a lesser degree, the Spaniards. Sicilians inherited their sense of drama, liveliness, hospitality, gifts for reasoning and even their physical demeanors from the Greeks. Sicilians are much closer to Greeks in looks and attitudes than to Venetians or Florentines.

The Arabs, who ruled the island from 827 to about 1092 A.D. had a lasting effect on the Sicilian outlook. It may be said that Sicilians inherited the Arabian sense of fatalism, persistence, and their acceptance and resignation to a harsh life. The Sicilians’ thoughtfulness and melancholy, their deep sense of nostalgia and bouts of depression are also Arabic in nature.

They also share many traits with the Spaniards, who were masters of the island for more than five centuries. The Spaniards’ sense of grandeur and preoccupation with how things look — their love for pomp and ceremony, for decorations and external elegance — touch responsive chords in the Sicilian psyche.

Lou&A: You’ve dedicated so much of your life and career to Arba Sicula and Sicilia Parra. What drove that?

Cipolla: My longstanding interest in Arba Sicula was a way of connecting with my roots. I’d reached the rank of associate professor at St. John’s University, specializing in Jungian approaches to literature, before I turned my attention to Sicilian language and culture.

Before the 1980s, I hadn’t written a word about Sicily. But having been born there, I carried Sicilian culture in my blood. Starting around 1980, I became interested in the group of people who had founded Arba Sicula, an organization dedicated to the study, preservation and dissemination of Sicilian culture. I started to devote time to studying Sicilian poetry, especially the poetry of Giovanni Meli, translating “L’origini di lu munnu” and then his “Don Chisciotti e Sanciu Panza,” which required four years. The experience was so rewarding it changed the course of my career. I remember reading the poem at night in bed and laughing. I had never made such an intimate and visceral connection with a poet. His Sicilian spoke to me at a deeper level. When I read his famous poem “Ucchiuzzi niuri” that Goethe himself liked and translated into German, I realized that true poetry has almost a physical effect if it’s in the language you learned as a child. I could not ignore the call.

Lou&A: As a professor emeritus, where does your energy go these days?

Cipolla: I write, give lectures occasionally, and publish Arba Sicula and Sicilia Parra, in addition to other books, mostly on Sicilian subjects. As editor of Legas, I have published so far about 140 titles since 1988. I created the first college textbook for learning Sicilian, “Mparamu lu sicilianu,” and I’m happy to say it’s having great success. Last year, I published an Italian version, and interestingly the English version has been reprinted three times already. The book is being used at the Universitè de la Manouba in Tunis and the University of Pennsylvania.

Lou&A: There’s the risk that Sicilian culture will continue to fade as the world continues to globalize. What are your views on this?

Cipolla: About 50 years ago, someone predicted Sicilian would disappear in 30 years. I’m glad to say that it hasn’t happened. I am optimistic Sicilian will evolve and adapt. Arba Sicula has been at the forefront of the struggle to study, preserve, and promote the language and culture of Sicily. Hopefully, it will continue for a long time.

Lou&A: What elements of your Sicilian heritage and work give you the most joy?

Cipolla: Arba Sicula was founded in 1979 by people who believed that the Sicilians’ reputation in this country did not correspond with reality. While most of the original founders are gone, Arba Sicula has remained faithful to the original objectives. This is our 41st year of uninterrupted operation, and our goals, reprinted in every issue of Arba Sicula, state: “We are, above all, concerned that the key to the Sicilian soul (the language of our forefathers) be preserved and studied with attentive appreciation.” We have done that.

For more about Arba Sicula, click here.

The above appears in the August 2020 issue of the print version of Fra Noi. Our gorgeous, monthly magazine contains a veritable feast of news and views, profiles and features, entertainment and culture. To subscribe, click here.

America’s foremost authority on Sicilian language and culture, Cipolla will present his 2015 book “The Poetry of Giovanni Meli,” celebrating the 200th anniversary of the death of Sicily’s greatest poet. He will speak about Meli’s life and recite his greatest poems in both English and Sicilian.

Dr. Cipolla is Professor Emeritus of Italian at St. John’s University where he taught for 31 years. He held the position of Chairman of the Department for six years.

He taught courses in the language, civilization and literature of Italy, as well as a course on the Art and Skills of Literary Translation. He received his Bachelor of Science from New York University, (1961) a Master of Arts from Hunter College (CUNY) (1969) and a Ph.D. from New York University (1974).

Dr. Cipolla is the Co-Director of La Parola del popolo, the oldest Italian language journal in this country from 1978 to 1984. From 1989 he collaborated as Senior Editor and from 1992 as Deputy Editor and Publisher for Italian Journal, the most important journal of information on Italy published in America. One of his articles, “What Italy Has Given to the World,” first published in Italian Journal and then reprinted as a booklet by Legas, has gone through seven reprints.

Dr. Cipolla’s scholarly activities focus on several fields: he is a translator of Italian/Sicilian poetic and dramatic texts, an editor, and a publisher. He is also involved in the promotion of the language and culture of Sicily. He is the author of “What Makes a Sicilian?” a successful booklet already in its third reprint, and an opera libretto titled “A lupa” in Sicilian.

As editor/publisher, Dr. Cipolla founded three series of books for Legas: “Pueti d’Arba Sicula/Poets of Arba Sicula,” which has already been published in 14 bilingual volumes; “Sicilian Studies,” which has already been published in 27 volumes; and “Italian Poetry in Translation,” which has already been published in 12 volumes.

Dr. Cipolla is considered an authority on Sicilian language and culture. He edited J. Kirk Bonner’s “Introduction to Sicilian Grammar” (2001), which is the first comprehensive grammar book of Sicilian published anywhere, and he authored “The Sounds of Sicilian: a Pronunciation Guide” (2005).

His book “Siciliana: Studies on the Sicilian Ethos” (2006) contains most of his work dealing with Sicilian culture. In 2013, he published “Learn Sicilian/Mparamu lu sicilianu,” a comprehensive, interactive college textbook of Sicilian that comes with a DVD containing all the answers to the exercises as well as the recording of the dialogues and readings. In 2015 he published a major anthology of “The Poetry of Giovanni Meli,” which contains all the works of Sicily’s most celebrated poet.

Dr. Cipolla is President of Arba Sicula, an international organization that promotes the language and culture of Sicily. He is also responsible for producing the eponymous Arba Sicula, a semiannual bilingual journal (Sicilian/English) for which he does all of the translating, and a 20-page semiannual newsletter titled Sicilia Parra. Recently, Dr. Cipolla made all 33 volumes of Arba Sicula available in digital form. The project was completed in 2011 and the CD is now available.

Arba Sicula, which is housed at St. John’s University, holds several programs a year that include recitals of Sicilian poetry, lectures, Sicilian plays, folk dancing, and presentations of books, etc. Membership in Arba Sicula is $35 a year ($30 for seniors), and includes a double volume of Arba Sicula, two issues of Sicilia Parra and whatever supplements are published in the year.

One of the many activities through which Arba Sicula promotes the Sicilian language and culture is the annual tour of Sicily that Dr. Cipolla organizes for the members. The tour is in its 22nd year.

Dr. Cipolla has received numerous awards and recognitions, such as the Telamone Prize in Agrigento and the Trinacria d’Argento in London. He received the prestigious Pigna d’Argento in Palermo and the Siciliani nel Mondo: Ambasciatori di Cultura Prize from the Region of Sicily in 2006, as well as the Proserpina Prize in Caravaggio Italy in 2011.

In December 2006, Dr. Cipolla signed a convention with the President of Sicily to launch Casa Sicilia in New York, a non-profit association to promote the image, the culture and the products of Sicily. Dr. Cipolla is the President of Casa Sicilia.

Since his retirement from teaching, Dr. Cipolla has continued to be very active in the profession, lecturing extensively in America and Italy.